Influence Of Cognitive Biases On Decisions - 1142 Words

The influence of cognitive biases on decisions Society once had a conjecture that only discriminatory people used stereotypes, however, studies in unconscious bias now reveal that we all are guilty of using stereotypes, all the time, without knowing it. Finally, the antagonist of equality has been found, and it is us. With a limited perspective, we all have a bias view of the world, this is because we are only capable of hearing, seeing, and reading what is around us. A definitive version of reality is not subject to one person. Our position in society helps inform our world view, such as, our race, class, gender, religion, and culture, impacting how we view, respond and react to every experience. Often times, decision makers or not aware of their bias, which can effect the decisions being made. To begin, I will define stereotyping as it is expressed in modern society and the impact of mass media, then I will explain the process of storing stereotypes in the brain, I will give a theory of why man-kind stereotypes, and then expla in how it effects decision making. Stereotyping is one of many cognitive bias, that allows us to quickly identify strangers as friends or enemies, and with the use of stereotypes, we classify others as we interact with them, allowing us to know the proper way to respond (Lebowitz). The scientific definition of stereotyping is; an exaggerated belief, image or distorted truth about a person or group. A generalization that allows for little or noShow MoreRelatedCognitive Biases Are An Influence On An Individuals Method Of Decision Making1848 Words   |  8 PagesIt is known that cognitive biases are an influence to an individuals method of decision making. ‘Cognitive biases’ are the tendencies to think in certain and specific ways which could lead to systematic reasons to a standard of rationality or good or bad judgement. ‘Decisions’ are the acts or processes of deciding out of question or doubt, determination, making a judgement or the act for making up one’s mind to conclude to a selection of choices. ‘Conscious and controlled decisions’ are when an individualRead MoreDoes Cognitive Bias Influence The Patterns We Exist?1529 Words   |  7 Pages My knowledge question is to what extent does cognitive bias influence the patterns we see in life? Cognitive bias is defined as pattern of distortion in perception and a deviation from rational decision; irrationality Decision-making, belief and behavioral biases. If a person was to look into human sciences and mathematics as ways of knowing, he or she would determine that cognitive bias is present every time a person sees a pattern. However, they are unable toRead MoreEffective Appraisal Approaches And Its Influence On Investment Decision Making1441 Words   |  6 Pagespurchase of equipment or inventory by owner in order to improve future business. (Kahraman, 2011) Moreover, the part of decision-making acts a crucial role in business investment that depends upon the investor’s profit expectation, the availability to finance the investment and the potential cost of assets. (Virlics, 2013) However, risk and uncertainty are the basic terms to the decision-making framework. Ris k can be defined as the probability of outcomes or loss that is caused by internal or externalRead MoreEffective Appraisal Approaches And Its Influence On Investment Decision Making1419 Words   |  6 Pagespurchase of equipment or inventory by owner in order to improve future business. (Kahraman, 2011) Moreover, the part of decision-making preforms a crucial role in business investment that depends upon the investor’s profit expectation, the availability to finance the investment and the potential cost of asset. (Virlics, 2013) However, risk and uncertainty are the basic terms to the decision-making framework. Risk can be defined as the probability or threat of outcomes or loss that is caused by internalRead MoreRetrospective Analysis of Personality1043 Words   |  5 Pagesand molds them as we learn and mature. That’s it, right? Ha! The nature vs nurture debate still rages on, as scientist fight over how much of who we are is shaped by genes and how much by the env ironment. The nurture theory holds that genetic influence over abstract traits may exist; however, the environmental factors are the real origins of our behavior. This includes the use of conditioning in order to induce a new behavior to a child, or alter an unlikely behavior being shown by the child. AccordingRead MoreThe Problem Of Dealing With Biased Decision Making1387 Words   |  6 Pagesas an integral part of the organization’s selection and recruitment processes, yet when meeting someone for the first time, our initial judgments are often clouded by biases (Rockawin, 2012). The following essay will explore the problem of dealing with biased decision-making in job interviews which is defined as the cognitive biases which are flaws in judgments that occurs in particular situations as a result of flawed perception of incoming information. (Hua, 2011). The â€Å"employment interview is aRead MoreDecision Making820 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1: Which biases in decisi on making can be identified in the performances of both Pieterson and Gack? How can the identified biases be overcome? In general, the decision making style for manager approach decision making is toward rational and intuitive thinking. In rational thinking a person consider the problem in a rational, step-by-step and analytical way. Rational thinking person will resolve a complex and complicated problem into smaller part and then resolve them in a rational,Read More The Nature of Logic and Perception Essay698 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand, what we do and how we think. How did we come to a certain conclusion or perception? This paper will explain the nature of logic to critical thinking. Also covered will be my own perceptual process and a description of the types of blocks that influence my views. It is the ability to hone the thinking skills necessary to become a well-rounded contributor to a society or an organization. The nature of logic to critical thinking begins at an early age. From the time one learns the difference betweenRead MoreBiological Factors Affecting Decision Making Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesBiological Factors affecting decision we made. There are many of factors influencing your decision making process either in a positive or a negative way. In addition to what is already determined by your genes, according to various sources the following biological and psychological factors play an important role. Biological factors ï‚ § Nutrition is essential for organs to develop (building material), but also to let it operate (fuel). On average, as much as 25% of all energy a human daily takes inRead MoreFrancis Simonh M. Bries (2012-24817, Ma Psychology). Psychology1704 Words   |  7 PagesHumans, with all things being equal, could not be bothered to think deeper than what can be concluded using learned shortcuts and easily accessed information. The latter heuristic processing is preferred in most situations as it does not require cognitive effort because of its automaticity yet nevertheless arriving at good-enough conclusions that would work in most instances. It is when people are motivated and have the ability to consider information more deeply that they engage in systematic processing

Artemis, By The Greek And Diana - 1589 Words

Throughout Greek history, there are countless quarrels, battles and deaths. A common among these events is their all involving conflict. Who else is better suited to fight your battles than the goddess of the hunt? This goddess, called Artemis by the Greek and Diana by the Romans, is a woman who not only loves stubbornly, but is fiercely protective of anyone and anything she loves. A leader who can fight well and protect those she loves is the best fit for leading Mount Olympus. While Artemis can fight with her arrow, Chiron, a centaur and wise teacher, fights with knowledge. Chiron is a patient centaur whose taught many gods and goddesses. His intelligence has been used to defeat many beasts and overcome many issues among the gods and goddesses. Rather than have Poseidon, a cheating scoundrel, as the next Olympian president, choose someone whose thoughts are not self centered, but for their people. Chiron’s level headed personality makes for the perfect partner of the combatt ing Artemis. Artemis s intention to protect her beloved would make her the best president for Olympus, with Chiron as her vice president. Artemis is not only known for her unparalleled archery skills, but also for her ability to heal those wounded. While Artemis can wreak havoc, she can also turn the tables and heal those harmed. â€Å"Her name is derived from artemà ªs, uninjured, healthy, vigorous; according to which she would be the goddess who is herself inviolate and vigorous† (Atsma). Artemis’s nameShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast 2 Objects1343 Words   |  6 PagesApollo Belvedere, a Greek god originally made from bronze and discovered in Rome in the late 15th century. The second is a statue of the Ephesian Diana, an Egyptian sculpture derived of marble. There are a number of statues replicating the pagan goddess, Artemis from Ephesus and can be found dating back to the first and second centuries AD. The one depicted above from the Soane museum dates back to 2nd century AD, and the head turreted crown indicates this. The Ephesian Diana is said to be one ofRead MoreArtemis : Greek Goddess Of The Moon And Hunt1101 Words   |  5 Pagesand Alpheiusa. However, this goddess is mainly known as Artemis the Greek goddess of the moon and hunt. â€Å"Artemis was worshiped in most Greek cities but only as a secondary deity. However, to the Greeks in Asia Minor (modern day Turkey) she was a prominent deity† (Leadbetter). Artemis is also the goddess of other matters like childbirth and fertility. Artemis is one of the many goddesses that are widely respected in many cultures. Artemis is the daughter of Leto and Zeus. Leto, her mother, isRead MoreWonder Wom The Feminist Symbol Behind The Bracelets1379 Words   |  6 PagesBracelets Wonder Woman is seen as being American, but in reality she is a Greek demigod. The amazonian superhero battles formidable Greek deities with an arsenal of weapons that were magically enhanced by the gods of Olympus. Those weapons include classics such as a sword and shield, and also includes a lasso a. She possesses superhuman abilities that were blessed to her by the gods and they included Hermes, Aphrodite, Artemis, Hestia, and Demeter. Her amazonian origin creates powerful symbolism forRead More Greek Goddesses Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pages The Greek Goddesses In Greek mythology the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus played a major role in everyday life. The Greeks respected them and thought of the gods as all mighty. In Ancient Greece the people honored and believe in the deities. Myths, poems, and epics tell the stories and beliefs referring to the gods and goddesses. Many literary works display the power and jobs of the goddesses. The Greek people lived to please the deities in hope of gaining a better lifestyle. TheRead MoreGreek Religion And Its Affect On The People Of Greece1098 Words   |  5 Pages ROUGH DRAFT GREEK RELIGION AND ITS AFFECT ON THE PEOPLE OF GREECE Daily prayers and Observances Greeks thought about their gods more often than most people do nowadays. Over the course of the day the Greeks would think about the gods often. if they wanted something such as death of an enemy or a good harvest he would give a offering to a temple of the of the gods domain in which he wanted help in. Greeks went to temples to present sacrifices to please the gods or to ask for the judgmentRead MoreInfluences of Greek and Roman Mythology863 Words   |  4 PagesInfluences of Greek and Roman Mythology There are many influences that the Greek and Roman’s belief in polytheism that affect today’s cultures and beliefs. Their beliefs are so ancient that they date back to the Roman Empire. Many historians find it astounding that these myths made it through time and their influence is still found in many places of belief. The Greeks had their own principle divinities, these were twelve major gods called, â€Å"The Olympians.† TheRead MoreEssay Greek Gods - The Historical Background554 Words   |  3 PagesGreek Gods - The Historical Background Greek gods were an essential part of Greek mythology. Our proper knowledge of the ancient Greek gods can be traced back to Homer who wrote The Iliad and The Odysse. It is also believed that the myths were heavily influenced by the Mycenaean culture that existed in Greece from 1700 to 1100 BC. However there is some evidence that the beginnings of Greek mythology and beliefs can be traced back to the ancient Middle Eastern cultures. There are manyRead MoreThe Seven Wonders of Ancient World Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pagesof ancient times and I’m going to write about four out of the seven. The statue of Zeus, which was created in 432 B.C., by Phidius, the lighthouse Of Alexandria that was created by Sostratus in 290 B.C. and took 20 years to complete. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus that was first created in 800 B.C. by Croesus and the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus that was built around 353 and 350 B.C. These are only four out of the seven wonders I will be writing about who commissioned and created each one of them.Read MoreDescription Of A Woman Like Me Essay940 Words   |  4 Pageshide about myself is the abilities that I was born with. I have great strengths comparable to the mythical Hercules. I could travel at great speeds like Greek God Hermes. I could bring a raging beast to a standstill like Goddess Artemis. Those are merely myths. Hercules, Artemis, Hermes are just myths, right? Or are they Legen ds? My name is Diana Prince and I think I might be the last Amazon. We moved to Rome a few years prior to my 50th Birthday. People were catching on to my immortality, askingRead MoreComparing Roman And Greek Mythology1354 Words   |  6 Pages Roman Vs. Greek Mythology Roman and Greek mythology are full of complexities. Much of Greek and Roman everyday life revolved around these myths. Many similarities are obvious between Roman and Greek mythology because the Romans borrowed a significant amount of their myths and gods from the Greeks. Although Roman and Greek mythology have a few components in common, they also have many various aspects that cause differences in their cultures. First of all; values, morals, traditions

Rehabilitation and Incapacitation to Criminals

Question: The text cites deterrence as the foundation of the criminal justice system. Rehabilitation and incapacitation are aspects of the criminal justice system that often are at the center of debate. Explain whether incarceration (incapacitation) reduces crime in an effective and cost-efficient manner. Additionally, outline the efforts international organizations are making to control and reduce crime. Answer: Introduction The world is growing at a fast pace today. There is a day to day development in every field. But along with this growth comes the negative aspects of society and one of them is criminals. These criminals are disturbed souls who cause disturbance in the smooth running society. Hence the government has imposed certain laws to punish the criminals. This punishment can be in different forms. It can be rehabilitated, incarceration or several other forms. The issue Incapacitation cannot always be the correct form of punishment for criminals. At times, incapacitation can lead to several other problems. Different prisoners staying together may lead to some big issues. Stronger ones may dominate the weaker ones. Also while staying together criminal involved in minor offenses may get to know about bigger crimes and may indulge themselves into it. However, it is very important to classify the criminals, according to their type of crime and repetition of the crime. Serious offenders should be treated differently from the minor ones. First time offenders and juveniles may be sent for rehabilitation. They can be treated with a wise counseling session. This may lead to mind change resulting in lesser crime. Some specialized programs wherein new techniques can be taught to them so that they can start a new work after they are released from the prison. Criminals with repetitive crime rate cannot be treated in the same manner. Strict laws are to be implemented to keep a tab on them. A huge number of criminals are subject to recidivism. It is situated when a criminal is caught within a time frame of three years of his/her release. It is a big issue in criminology and such culprits must be treated strictly. The efforts of international organizations to reduce crime In order to reduce crime, INTERPOL was born. INTERPOL stands for the international criminal police organization. It is an intergovernmental police organization providing support of the international police. There are 190 countries that are part of this organization. Its head office is in Lyon, France. This organization is second largest only after United Nations if talked about international representation. The prime focus of this organization is to reduce crime and disorder in the society. The major work of INTERPOL is for public safety like terrorism, human and drug trafficking, cybercrime, money laundering, child pornography and many more. Conclusion However, incarceration involves a huge amount of cost involved. It is a prime reason why a huge amount of criminals is being released after a short span of time. Due to high rise in crime and criminals there is a shortage of prisons and maintenance of prisoners. It is the sole reason behind the other alternatives that are being accepted nowadays. Boot camp programs and group therapy are also being accepted widely these days. Hopefully these measures taken by the government would bring down the level of crime to big extent. References Murchison, C., Pooler, P. (1925). Length of Incarceration and Mental Test Scores of Negro Men Criminals. The Pedagogical Seminary And Journal Of Genetic Psychology, 32 (4), 657-658. Abramowicz, S. (2012). A FAMILY LAW PERSPECTIVE ON PARENTAL INCARCERATION. Family Court Review, 50(2), 228-240. Richardot, M. (2002). Interpol, Europol. Pouvoirs, 102(3), 77. https://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pouv.102.0077 Murchison, C., Pooler, P. (1925). Length of Incarceration and Mental Test Scores of Negro Men Criminals. The Pedagogical Seminary And Journal Of Genetic Psychology, 32(4), 657-658. Vollaard, B. Preventing Crime Through Selective Incapacitation. SSRN Electronic Journal.

Rain of Gold and a Better Life - Major Themes free essay sample

In both works an essential theme is that of family and the ability of love to bring people together. The film is a story of a father and his son who do not quite see eye to eye. Yet they are family and as their relationship is tested over and over again, their love for each other prevails. It is this love between father and son that keeps them together through the good and the bad. As Carlos is about to be deported, Luis comes to his senses and sees that his father is more important than his friends and what is considered socially acceptable.Family ties pull him away from what he knows to be with his father during this difficult time. Similarly, the families in Rain of Gold are kept together by their love for each other. Even though Dona Margarita’s sons have been taken from her, they eventually reunite with those still alive. We will write a custom essay sample on Rain of Gold and a Better Life Major Themes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Don Victor also experiences the force of family which brings him to leave the United States and return to Mexico for his family. Though he never realized that his family was endangered, his love for his family leads him to return for them. It is the pull of family that brings people together, away from their jobs and places they have grown to call home towards their true home, the people who make up their family. Also largely emphasized is the idea of perseverance in the face of hardships. Though it is not legal, Carlos buys a truck and works to make a living for himself and his son. When the truck is stolen, Carlos and Luis chase the thief, well aware that the truck may be their only reliable source of income.They are not deterred by their suffering but strengthened by it, coming together in order to overcome the barricades that stand in their way. The families of Lupe and Juan also come together to overcome hardships, presenting a united front to the challenges that face them in the form of hunger and use the power of numbers to pull each other through tough times. Juans family looks out for each other, loaning each other money and taking each other on as hired help when they find a successful venture. Lupes family also ensures that they all have enough to live on, working together in the fields to bring in an income. Strength and a drive to overcome the forces working against them leads to the successful perseverance of these families though the odds are against them. Discrimination, which has a constant presence throughout history, is shown to be an uphill battle fought by all characters in both stories. In A Better Life, Luis is nearly driven to join a gang because of stereotypes and discrimination.He sees school as an institution of little importance, believing that he is destined to pound the streets along with other Mexicans, conforming to the stereotype that Mexicans are nothing but trouble. Carlos is discriminated against as well, unable to find a decent job both because of his race and because he is an immigrant. The prejudice that the Mexicans are inferior shows up in Rain of Gold as well, Juan is kicked out of a restaurant because of his race. He is afraid to shop in normal stores for fear of being double crossed and cheated of his money.There are limited jobs open to those of Mexican descent due to their race and the idea that they are troublesome and lazy. Mexicans are seen as a stupid group of people who cannot achieve the same level of intelligence as others, and as such they are downtrodden in society weakening their moral and bringing down their views of themselves. In A Better Life and Rain of Gold, two tales of discrimination and suffering are shown to bring out the best in people, pulling two families together.Though they are plagued by the terrors of starting a new life in a foreign country, their love for each other and strong family ties hold them together, allowing them to overcome hardships, becoming stronger as they are challenged again and again rather than falling to pieces. By writing the experiences of these individuals, both author and director have brought to life examples of the power held by those w ho have the ability to love, for with love and family it is possible to overcome all hardships and prejudices.

Frederick Barbarossa Essays - Hohenstaufen Dynasty,

Frederick Barbarossa Frederick Barbarossa, like other men of his age, was influenced by a growing resurgence of neoclassical sensibilities. It should not therefore be considered surprising that he would have considered himself ruling as Frederick, by the grace of God emperor of the Romans and august forever...(A letter to Otto of Freisling) He like other leaders before and since saw and welcomed the prestige and sense of legitimacy offered by the title of Roman Emperor. To achieve this, kings since the time of Charlamegne had often traveled to Rome in order to be crowned Emperor. The pope as heir to the Church of Constantine provided the symbolic link between the Roman past and the present Empire. It was in this light that in 1154 Frederick entered Italy, to be crowned in Rome and assert his domination over Northern Italy as such. His subsequent involvement in Italy was to bring him and his family line into conflicts, which would have severe effects on the future of the Hohenstaufen line and the German M onarchy. As a result, at a time when other dominant royal families were laying the cornerstones of powerful national monarchies, Hohenstaufen power and the Holy Empire crumbled. Frederick Barbarossa's mother, Judith, was a Guelph , Frederick acted as a mediator between his Hohenstaufen uncle Conrad, and his Guelph cousin, Henry the Lion. Prior to his death Conrad III named Frederick as his successor, hoping that Frederick's reign would end the discord between the rival houses of Hohenstaufen and Guelphs. In 1152, Frederick pacified Germany by proclaiming a general land peace to end the anarchy, and in 1156 he satisfied Henry the Lion by restoring the duchy of Bavaria to him, at the same time making Austria into a new duchy as a counterweight to Henry's power. In Italy, Frederick's policy was to restore the imperial power, which had virtually disappeared as a result of neglect by previous emperors. It was thus necessary for him to reconcile with the pope. In a Treaty in 1153 with Pope Eugene III, Frederick promised to assist him against Arnold of Brescia and against the powerful Normans in Sicily. Frederick entered Italy in 1154 and was crowned in Rome on June 18, 1155. The reluctance of his troops to remain in Italy forced him to return to Germany without assisting the new pope, Adrian IV, against King William I of Sicily. Adrian, allied himself with William in 1156, turned against Frederick. At the Diet of Besan?on in 1157 the papal legate presented a letter that Frederick interpreted as a claim by the pope that the empire was a papal fief. Frederick replied that he held the throne through the election of the princes from God alone and prepared to invade Italy, where Milan had begun the conquest of Lombardy. Adrian explained that he had not intended that interpretation of his words, but Frederick entered Italy, seized Milan, and at the Diet of Roncaglia in 1158 laid claim, as emperor and king of the Lombard's, to all imperial rights, inc luding the appointment of an imperial governor, in every town. The heavy handedness of his German officials led to the revolt of Milan, Brescia, Crema, and their allies, in 1159. The revolt was secretly encouraged by Adrian IV. After a long siege, Frederick stormed and burned Milan in 1162. He also set up an antipope to Adrian's successor, Alexander III, who excommunicated him. Frederick withdrew temporarily, but returned in 1166, captured Rome, and was preparing to attack the pope's Sicilian allies when his army was hit by an epidemic and he was forced to withdraw. In 1167 the Italian communes united against Frederick in the form of the Lombard League, and Frederick retreated with difficulty to Germany, where he turned to increasing his territorial power and pacifying the constantly feuding German princes. In 1174 he returned to Italy. He was decisively defeated at Legnano by the Lombard League in 1176, partly because of lack of support from the German princes, perhaps most notably Henry the Lion. After his defeat Frederick submitted to the pope; he agreed to recognize Alexander III as pope and was afterwards restored to communion. He made peace with the Lombard towns, which was later confirmed by the Peace of Constance

Reflective Report on Cultural Shock The WritePass Journal

Reflective Report on Cultural Shock Executive Summary Reflective Report on Cultural Shock ) illustrate in their study, the single biggest beneficial trait that I could bring into this new setting would be my positive ethical stance.   There are few things more universally valued than the capacity to be honest and fair to each and all of my fellow students. The capacity to alienate one another due to any single cultural factor must be avoided in order to advance the underlying goal of education (Ting-Toomey et al, 2012). With the ability to incorporate a broadening spectrum of intercultural values it is essential to incorporate honesty into every element. 2.1.3 Evaluation This period before leaving for college was good for me.   Alongside the nerves and constant planning, I found myself quite enjoying the potential opportunities. As Chen, Lin, and Sawangpattanakul (2011) describe, the amount of cultural intelligence or CQ that a person possesses the more likely for a smooth transition into the multi-cultural environment. In this case, even though I was a native of Nigeria, my education to date had prepared me for many of the educational leaps that I was about to experience. However, the sheer size of the opportunities easily overwhelms those available in Nigeria. This makes each one of choices seem more important than the next. Utilizing my prior preparation allowed me to make the most of my time as well as lower my personal stress level, making the entire process smoother (Chen et al, 2012). 2.1.4 Analysis My personal feelings of being prepared are obviously at odds with my internal perception.   Even with my prior understanding and preparation, there was still the very strong compunction to bring, buy, or read anything and everything in order to be prepared. The Ting-Toomey et al (2012) study describing the value of confidence   stood out as the single most poignant piece of information: rely on knowledge to guide me. I found myself with less baggage and more confidence. 2.1.5 Conclusion I found that I must rely more on myself and my own growing experience in order to be the best student I could be (Chen et al, 2012).   This basic cornerstone of my education has led me to embrace the unknown and seek to find the best of everything. 2.1.6 Action Plan The single biggest lesson from this period was that as a student I must not over think the situation. To be over prepared can be as bad as being under prepared (Chen et al, 2012). As my opportunities to incorporate new experiences arrive I will be better prepared to approach new situations. 2.2 Induction and Orientation 2.2.1 Description As prepared as I expected myself to be given my efforts, I was surprised by the sheer number of inter cultural opportunities available.   The Trent College level, while substantial, does not offer the world class potential that the University level does, and the rigorous standards and case load reflected this. The very first emotion that I had upon stepping foot on campus was one of being uncertain. As Hofstede (2011) illustrated, the tendency to avoid uncertainty stems from the desire to avoid threat.   With so very many experiences available, which should I avoid and which to make a priority?   Would I find a better academic path given the new opportunities?   Blake, Claudio and Taylor (2009) document the presence of heightened stress and poor performance in the presence of many options. The multitude of decisions that I had to make that first day created a dilemma for me during my initial experiences at Trent University. 2.2.2 Feelings As I entered school that term it was very much like reverse culture shock (Allison, Davis-Berman and Berman, 2011). I went from being relaxed and in charge of my educational experience into a state of the unknown quantity.   I would be these first few days that would serve to determine much of the trajectory of the University efforts.   Therefore the best option is not to isolate myself from the group, but embrace the multi-cultural opportunities as additional components of my education (Allison et al, 2011). There was a hearty mix of trepidation, anticipation and panic as I began term. 2.2.3 Evaluation This initial experience is something that I will carry with me for the rest of my days. As Trowler and Trowler (2010) there should be no hesitation to student engagement.   My fears were rooted more in the potential for the unknown rather than any real factual experience. Therefore the decisions placed before, that at the time seemed so diverse and overwhelming, were in fact ordinary fare. 2.2.4 Analysis There is a basic uncertainty that was clear in my action and feeling during that initial period.   The risk of isolation or over immersion was equally present making it necessary to make careful decisions (Tosutti, Esses and Hagar, 2012).   I found myself with the ability to balance my priorities and make the necessary adjustments in order to make the most of the University.   College level education was much more focused on the preparation for University as opposed to finding roots in real world operation as I found at NTU. 2.2.5 Conclusion Much like my pre-departure period, I learned that my own experiences and education are the best instruments to turn to in times of stress or decision making.   As the Chen et al (2011) illustrated the CQ that a person possesses ads to the capacity for me to attain my scholastic goals. 2.2.6 Action Plan Unlike my time at Trent College any similar event in the future will see me prepared, but not overly so.   Confident, yet excited for the prospects and perhaps most all, certain that I can accomplish the goal given the scope of my skill (Chen et al, 2011). 2.3 Academic Study 2.3.1 Description Chief among my reasons for choosing NTU was the proximity and reputation of the school. The very strong ethical considerations in place serve to enhance the educational choices available to me (Ting-Toomey et al, 2012). Alongside the opportunity presented at the College level that added preparation for advancement, the choice was made easy for me. Yet, the process of evaluation and expected performance had climbed considerably from the college level. This more any other factor proved to provide the largest culture shock. With such a high demand from the students around the world, I had to do well to maintain my place (Ward, Bochner and Furnham, 2013). In my effort to keep pace and even excel, I found myself having trouble processing and learning as effectively as I had at the College level. 2.3.2 Feelings Trompenaar describes a very effective model of cross cultural management that I found very helpful (Marx, 2011).   I felt as if I did not have grasp on the way things worked at the University level.   I had to understand that cultures differ due to orientation, and that the University level was significantly separate from the college experience (Marx, 2011). It was this feeling that led me to the decision that I must not allow my urges to impact my actions because every action was of critical importance at this stage.   My motivation was key to my performance (Marx, 2011) 2.3.3 Evaluation This period of study profited me tremendously.   It was the recognition of ineffectiveness alongside the capacity to adapt that provided me the foundation for building a successful scholastic career (Marx, 2011). 2.3.4 Analysis My approach to my studies was tempered by my lack of experience and confidence in my ability. My tendency to be too specific and compartmentalize did not work anymore and I found myself adrift in terms of study habits (Marx, 2011). Once more, it was my knowledge of relevant theory that allowed for my transition from a place of frustration into a capacity for learning. 2.3.5 Conclusion I found that flexibility was more important than my traditional framework during this period (Marx, 2011). The University culture demanded more than my previous experience that caused me to have to adapt to the situation at hand. 2.3.6 Action Plan Faced with this same learning block I would employ classify my priority is and determine the best step forward. The main dimensions in a cross cultural situation are orientation, task approach and communication, using these I will be able to analyse any scenario (Marx, 2011)    3. NTU Graduate Attributes This section links my learning experiences with the NTU graduate attributes as outlined below. 3.1 Attributes Analysis 3.1.1 Intellectual Ability As I left Trent College, I was confident in my professional skills yet, I was very much aware that I had much more to learn. As the Hofstede Model ably illustrates, the degree of aggregation is equal to the stress level (Hofstede, 2011). To this end I find that my ability to think independently and grasp the University level work has expanded alongside my level of experience. It is my curiosity and drives to learn that serves to propel me along the University ladder.  Ã‚   As Trompenaar and Hampen-Turner (2011) argue, the need to allow the creativity to flow freely enables a well-rounded and comprehensive education. 3.1.2 Information, Communication and Organisational Skills My experience at the college level served to provide a vital foundation for my entry into the university.   This skill, anticipated at my college, allowed me the confidence to begin to utilize the full range of knowledge that I was learning. As Furnham (2010) describes, it is not only the approach to a subject but the manner of its implementation that determines its full potential.   My University education was providing me with the advanced skills to make well founded educational decisions. As Chen et al (2011) argued my personality allowed incorporating my lessons into my personal life, thereby enhancing and smoothing both. 3.1.3 Global Citizenship From such an isolated environment to the open campus of NTU, I have found the educational experience has significantly broadened my horizons. Hofstede (2011) stresses the need to not be isolated from the group, and my ability to work within the educational structure provided as given me a growing appreciation of the fellow students from the around the world that have many of the same goals and desires that I do.   I have learned that it will be my experience that provides me with the tools to be an effective leader in the inter culture environment of today’s business world (Chen, 2011).    4. Conclusion This report has examined the impact that culture shock has had on my educational and study experience since my transition from Nigeria, to the Trent College, to the campus of NTU.   At each stage of the learning experience a new set of challenges was set before me and I was able to use my growing base of knowledge to address these issues. Coming out of Nigeria a primary factor was my lack of confidence and my tendency to avoid confrontation or the perception of academic threat. This attitude only served to limit my options, and that was no way to proceed. I had to face my lack of knowledge and yet forge ahead to address the decisions that had to be made. This experience taught me to reach out and embrace the flexibility that must come with the inter-cultural experience. I found that if I did not remain rigid in my expectations, my time at University could be very rewarding. The transition from the College level to University was as profound as my initial transition from Nigeria to College. I found that instead of focusing on the next academic step, the University opened up the entire horizon. This was the biggest shock of all for me. I have found many of the NTU attributes not only essential but critical during my time here. I need the skill to improve my professional potential, my time at University has shown me that the competition will be tough in every sector of the globe and I must be prepared. My technological expertise has grown boundlessly after given access to the assets on campus, providing even further incentive to learn and excel. NTU has educated me greatly in the area of Global citizenship.   My work with those around me, from so many diverse places, only serves to enhance the opportunities present. Every new idea and concept has the potential to be met with a unique and interesting idea from a different angle. The aim of this report was to reflect on the strengths and detriments of my study experience. I feel that this exercise has allowed me to better understand the elements such as creativity and inclusiveness that is necessary to excel in this emerging global society.   On every level, this study has allowed me to form a better understanding of the isolated Nigerian experience, to the targeted College life and the final opening of boundless University potential.   Each step has come through the expansion of my personal and academic experience.   This allows me to process and understand the many cultural opportunities.   Further, each of these elements combines to give me a far better idea of my scholastic potential: I have the ability to progress as far as my own ambition will take me. As I continue to build on my academic foundation, every step brings me closer to my end goal of achieving my doctoral degree in the field of business. This would allow me to utilize my full education to the very best business advantage. In order to do this I will continue to work to learn the very latest and most relevant theory, coupled with a sound foundation, in order to create the opportunity to find a lifelong career. In the end, this report has helped me to see that it is only the amount of confidence in myself and my abilities that limit my potential. 5. References Allison, P., Davis-Berman, J. and Berman, D. 2012. Changes in latitude, changes in attitude: analysis of the effects of reverse culture shocka study of students returning from youth expeditions.  Leisure Studies, 31 (4), pp. 487503. Blake, B., Claudio, F. and Taylor, R. 2013. EXPERIENCES OF AUSTRALIAN HUMANITARIAN WORKERS. Chen, A., Lin, Y. and Sawangpattanakul, A. 2011. The relationship between cultural intelligence and performance with the mediating effect of culture shock: A case from Philippine laborers in Taiwan.International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35 (2), pp. 246258. Furnham, A. 2010. Culture shock: Literature review, personal statement and relevance for the South Pacific.  Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4 (02), pp. 8794. Gibbs, G. 1988.  Learning by doing. [London]: FEU. Hofstede, G. 2011. Dimensionalizing cultures: the Hofstede model in context.  Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2 (1), p. 8. Langley, R. 1993. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, by Geert Hofstede.(1991). Maidenhead, UK: McGraw-Hill. 279 pp., $39.95 cloth.  Human Resource Development Quarterly, 4 (3), pp. 319325. Marx, E. 1999.  Breaking through culture shock. London: Nicholas Brealey. Mcneil, N. 2007. F. Trompenaars and C. Hampden-Turner. 2004. Managing people across cultures ISBN-10: 1 84112 472 9 (pbk); ISBN-13: 978 1841 12472 8 (pbk); 382 pages; A $41.95; US $24.95; United Kingdom: Capstone Publishing Ltd.  Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 45 (3), pp. 374375. Ting-Toomey, S. 2010. Applying dimensional values in understanding intercultural communication.Communication Monographs, 77 (2), pp. 169180. Tossutti, L., Esses, V. and Hagar, D. 2012. The Social, Cultural and Political Inclusion of Immigrants: Promising Practices.  Analysis of LIP Strategic Plans: Promising Practices, p. 115. Trowler, P. and Trowler, V. 2010. Student engagement evidence summary.  The Higher Education Academy. Van Der Zee, K. and Van Oudenhoven, J. 2013. Culture Shock or Challenge? The Role of Personality as a Determinant of Intercultural Competence.  Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44 (6), pp. 928940. Ward, C., Bochner, S. and Furnham, A. 2001.  The psychology of culture shock. Hove [England]: Routledge.

PHILOSOPHY-Check details below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PHILOSOPHY-Check details below - Essay Example This movement to change the definition and value of marriage between a man and a woman is morally wrong if you believe in Christianity, bad for family values, bad for society, and bad for marriage. (Corvino, 2002)    Some people believe that gay marriage should be legal in every U.S. state and be recognized in the same way that a traditional marriage is between a man and a woman. Gay partners hold commitment ceremonies, some states recognize civil unions, and Massachusetts now allows same-sex marriages. However, according to these groups, gay couples should be entitled to the same civil rights, privileges, and legal protection as traditional married couples. However, this wont happen until gay marriage is recognized by the federal government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marriage between man and woman is the most structured form of family style because there is a balance of the sexes that complement each other, and because it also involves masculine behaviors and feminine behaviors that are important for role modeling for children. The other advantage of a heterosexual couple is that when a family is raised, there is absolute clearness in who is the biological parents, where as in a gay marriage who will teach the appropriate behaviors to the children if any, and how will they justify the existence of their children when adopted or when created by a surrogate mother? In addition, gay marriage will affect our understanding of human relations and institutions because of the different issues like divorce, affairs, health benefits, and psychological problems impacted on the children who are raised in this kind of atmosphere. The other consequence of gay marriage would be the distortion of the definition of marriage itself . For thousands of years it has been understood that marriage was between a man and a woman, and that it included a concept of